IJRDO – Journal of Business Management is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the scholarly record. The journal follows best practices in line with the recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) when handling post-publication issues.

Corrections

Corrections may be issued when errors are identified in a published article that do not affect the overall validity of the research findings. Such errors may include typographical mistakes, author details, affiliations, or minor factual inaccuracies.

When a correction is required:

• The editorial office will assess the nature of the error.

• A correction notice will be published and linked to the original article.

• The original article will remain accessible, with a clear indication that a correction has been issued.

Retractions

Retractions are considered when serious issues are identified that compromise the reliability or integrity of the published work. Reasons for retraction may include, but are not limited to:

• Plagiarism or substantial text overlap

• Duplicate or redundant publication

• Fabrication or falsification of data

• Serious methodological or ethical violations

The retraction process includes:

• A detailed review of the concern by the editorial team.

• Communication with the corresponding author to request clarification or explanation.

• Evaluation of evidence before a final decision is made.

If retraction is warranted, a retraction notice will be published explaining the reason for the retraction. The original article will remain available on the journal website but will be clearly marked as retracted to preserve the scholarly record.

Expressions of Concern

An expression of concern may be issued when there is inconclusive evidence of misconduct or when an investigation is ongoing but not yet resolved. This notice serves to inform readers of potential issues while further assessment is conducted.

Author and Editor Responsibilities

Authors are expected to cooperate fully with any investigation related to corrections or retractions. Editors are responsible for ensuring that decisions are made fairly, transparently, and in accordance with ethical publishing standards.

Institutional Involvement

In cases where serious misconduct is suspected and authors fail to respond or provide satisfactory explanations, the journal may contact the authors’ affiliated institutions for further investigation.

Commitment to Ethical Publishing

By implementing this policy, IJRDO – Journal of Business Management aims to uphold research integrity and maintain trust among authors, readers, and the academic community.