Conflicts Strategies Involving the Pupils, Parents, and Teachers
Keywords:
Conflict Strategies, Pupils, Parents, Teachers, Philippines
Abstract
This research used the descriptive method to determine the conflict strategies involving the pupils, parents, and teachers in in Manduaw Elementary School, Bayawan City Division, Negros Oriental, Philippines. The quantitative data were gathered from the random sample of the pupils and their parents and complete enumeration of teachers . Also, the researcher utilized a self-made and modified questionnaire to assess the effective conflict strategies involving pupils, parents and teachers. Descriptive method was used in this study. The statistical tools used in the analysis of the data were percentage, mean, and weighted mean. The study found out that the extent of conflict strategies in terms of competing, collaborating, avoiding, and compromising was sometimes on pupils and parents while often and sometimes for teachers.
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References
Allen, J., & Land, D. (1999). Attachment in adolescence.Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
Babbitt, E. (2006). Mediating rights-based conflicts: Making self-determination negotiable. International Negotiation, 11(1), 185-208.
Babbitt, E., &Hampson, F. (2011). Conflict resolution as a field of inquiry: Practice informing theory. International Studies Review, 13(1), 46-57.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Beyers, P. Y. (1997).Organizational communication: Theory and behavior. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J.S. (1964).The managerial grid. Huston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1970). The fifth achievement.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 6, 413-426.
Boonsathorn, W. (2007). Understanding conflict management styles of Thais and Americans in multinational corporation in. Thailand. International Journal of Conflict Management, 18, (3) 196-221.
Bresnahan, M. J., Donohue, W., Shearman, S. M., & Guan, X. (2009). Research note: Two measures of conflict orientation. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 26(3), 365-379.
Breunlin, D. C., Cimmarusti, R. A., Bryant-Edwards, T. L., & Hetherington, J. S. (2002). Conflict resolution training as an alternative to suspension for violent behavior.Journal of Educational Research, 95(6), 349.
Bush, R. A. &Folger, J. P. (1994).The promise of mediation: Responding to conflict through empowerment and recognition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Callanan, G. A., Benzing, C. D., &Perri, D. F. (2006). Choice of Conflict-Handling Strategy: A Matter of Context.Journal Of Psychology, 140(3), 269-288.
Callanan, G. A., &Perri, D. F. (2006). Teaching Conflict Management Using a Scenario-Based Approach. Journal of Education For Business, 81(3), 131-139.
Canary, D., Cupach, W., &Messman, S. (1995). Relationship conflict. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sege Publications
Canary, D. J., Cunningham, F. M., & Cody, M. J. (1988). Goal types, gender, and locus of control in managing interpersonal conflict. Communication Research, 15, 426-446.
Corcoran, K. O. C., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2000). Adult attachment, self-efficacy, perspective talking, and conflict resolution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644- 663.
Curall, S. C., Friedman, R. A., Tidd. S. T., & Tsai, J. C. (2000). What goes around comes around: The impact of personal conflict style on work and stress. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 11(1), 32-55.
Deen, M. Y. (2000). Difference in the solution-oriented conflict style of selected groups of 4-H youth development volunteer leaders. Journal of Extension, 38(1), 2000.
Dumlao, R., &Botta, R. A. (2000). Family communications patterns and the conflict styles young adults use with their fathers. Communication Quarterly, 48(2), 174-189.
Dincyurek, S., &Civelek, A. H. (2008). The determination of the conflict resolution strategies of university students that they use when they have conflicts with people. Behavior Analyst Today, 9(3/4), 215-233.Influence of conflict resolution, Page 14 Research in Higher Education Journal Volume 28 – May, 2015
Drew, N. (1987).Learning the skills of peacemaking. Rolling Hills Estates, CA: Jalmar Press. Eron, L. D,.Gentry, J. H., & Schlegel, P. (1994).Reason to hope: A psychological perspective on violence and youth. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Farrell, A. D., Meyer, A. L, , E Kung. M., & Sullivan, T. N. (2001). Development and evaluation of school-bases violence prevention programs.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(2), 207- 221.
Fetherston, A. B. (1994). Towards a theory of United Nations peacekeeping. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Friedman, R. A., Tidd, S. T., Currall, S. C., & Tsai, J. C. (2000). What around comes around: The impact of personal conflict styles on work conflict and job stress. International Journal of Conflict management, 11, 32-55.
Gardner, P. D., & Lambert, S. (1992). It’s a hard, hard world! East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Collegiate Employment Research Institute.
Greasey, G. (2002). Psychological distress in college-aged women: Links with unresolved preoccupied attachment status and mediating role of negative mood regulation expectancies. Attachment and Human development, 4, 261-277.
Greasey, G. &Ladd, A. (2004). Negative mood regulation expectancies and conflict behavior in late adolescent college student romantic relationships: The moderating role of generalized
attachment representations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14(2), 236-256.
Hecht, M. L., Jackson, R. L., &Ribeau, S. A. (2003). African American Communication: Exploring Identity and Culture. Mahwah, N.J: Erlbaum.
Holt, J. L. &DeVore, C. J. (2005). Culture, gender, organizational role, and style of conflict resolution: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 165- 196.
Janeja, D. K. (2011).The impact of family communication pattern on young adults conflict styles with their parents. ProQuest Dissertation
Jehn, K. A. (1997). A qualitative analysis of conflict types an dimensions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 530-557.
Johnson, P. (1994). Conflict management: A review of the literature for school leaders. Journal of School Leadership, 4, 709-725.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. (1996). Conflict resolution and peer mediation programs in elementary and secondary schools: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 66, 459–506.
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R., Dudley, B., Mitchell, J., & Fredrickson, J. (1997). The impact of conflict resolution training on middle school students.Journal of Social Psychology, 137(1), 11- 21.
Kriesberg, L. (1997). Preventing and resolving destructive communal conflict. In the international politics of ethnic conflict: Theory and Evidence. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Mattingly, B. (2009).Help increase the peace program. Baltimore, MD: Middle Atlantic Region, American Friends Service Committee.
Moberg, P. J. (2001). Linking conflict strategy to the five factor model. Theoretical and empirical foundations. International journal of Conflict Management, 12(1), 47-68.
Goldsworthy, R., Schwartz, N., Barab, S., &Landa, A. (2007). Evaluation of a collaborative multimedia conflict resolution curriculum.. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 55,5, 597-625. Influence of conflict resolution, Page 15 Research in Higher Education Journal Volume 28 – May, 2015
Moberg, P. J. (1998). Predicting conflict strategies with personality trait: Incremental validity and the five factor model. International Journal of conflict management, 9(3), 258-285.
Morrison, M., Shaw Austad, C., &Cota, K. (2011). Help increase the peace, a youth-focused program in peace education. Journal of Peace Education, 8(2), 177-191.
Mukhtar, S. &Habib, M. N. (2010). Private Sector managers approach to conflict management: A study of relationships between conflict management styles and personality type. Interdisciplinary. Journal of Contemporary Research Business, 2,1, 304-312.
Noore, N. M. (2006). Locus of control, supportive workplace policies and work family conflict.Psychologia, 49, 48-60.
Palmer, C., &Roessler, R. T. (2000). Requesting classroom accommodations: Self-advocacy and conflict Resolution training for college students with disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66(3), 38-43.
Pistole, M. C., &Arricale, F. (2003). Understanding attachment: Beliefs about conflict. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 318-328.
Pondy, L. R. (1992). Reflections on organizational conflict.Journal of Organisational Behaviour 13(2), 257-61.
Putnam, L. L. & Wilson, C. (1982).Communicative strategies in organizational conflict.Reliability and validity of a measurement scale. Communication Yearbook. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Rahim, M. A. (2000).Empirical studies on handling conflict.International Journal of conflict Management, 11, 5-8.
Rahim, M. A. (1992).Managing conflict on organizations. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Rahim, M. A., &Bonoma, T. V. (1979). Managing organizational conflict: A model for diagnosis and intervention. Psychology Reports, 44, 1323-1344.
Rahim, M. A., &Buntzman, G. F. (1989). Supervisory power bases, styles of handling conflict with subordinates, and subordinate compliance and satisfaction.The Journal of Psychology, 123(2), 195-210.
Robbins, S. P. (1988).Essential of organizational behaviors.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- hall.
Sierau, S., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2012). Conflict resolution as a Dyadic mediator: Considering the
partner perspective on conflict resolution. European Journal of Personality, 26, 221- 232.Simerly, R. G. (1998). Managing conflict for productive results: A critical leadership skill. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 46, 2-11.
Shockley-Zalabak, P. (1981). The effects of sex difference on the preference for utilization of conflict styles of managers in a work setting: An exploratory study. Public Personal Management Journal, 10, 289-295.
Stevahn, L. (2004). Integrating conflict resolution training into the curriculum. Theory Into Practice, 43(1), 50-58.
Stevahn, L., Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Schultz, R. (2002). Effects of conflict resolution training integrated into a high school social studies curriculum. Journal of Social Psychology, 142(3), 305-331.
Sweeney, B., &Carruthers, W. L. (1996). Conflict resolution: History, philosophy, theory, and educational applications. The School Counselor, 43(5), 326-344.
Taylor, M. (2010). Does locus of conflict predict young adults conflict strategies wit superiors? An examination of control orientation and the organization communication conflict instrument.North American Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 445-458.
Thomas, K. W. (1976). Toward multi-dimensional values in teaching: The example of conflict behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 2, 484-490.
Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. C. (2005).Understanding Intercultural Communication. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.
Warters, W. C (1999).Mediation in the campus community: Designing and maintaining effective programs. San Francisco: CA. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Wall, J., &Druckman, D. (2002, June).Mediation in peacekeeping missions.Paper presented at the International Association for Conflict Management conference, Park City, UT.
Weitzman, P. F. & Weitzman, E. A. (2006). Brief report: Promoting post formal thinking on the job: A protocol for interpersonal conflict resolution training. Journal of Adult Development, 13, 45- 51.
Wilson, S. R., &Waltman, M. S. (1988). Assessing the Putnam-Wilson organization communication conflict instrument. Management Communication Quarterly, 1, 367-388.Womack, D. F (1988). Assessing the Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode survey: Conceptualization. Management Communication Quarterly,(1) 3, 321-362.
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. (2002). The development of romantic relationships and adaptations in the system of peer relationships. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 216-225.
Babbitt, E. (2006). Mediating rights-based conflicts: Making self-determination negotiable. International Negotiation, 11(1), 185-208.
Babbitt, E., &Hampson, F. (2011). Conflict resolution as a field of inquiry: Practice informing theory. International Studies Review, 13(1), 46-57.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundation of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Beyers, P. Y. (1997).Organizational communication: Theory and behavior. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J.S. (1964).The managerial grid. Huston, TX: Gulf Publishing.
Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1970). The fifth achievement.Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 6, 413-426.
Boonsathorn, W. (2007). Understanding conflict management styles of Thais and Americans in multinational corporation in. Thailand. International Journal of Conflict Management, 18, (3) 196-221.
Bresnahan, M. J., Donohue, W., Shearman, S. M., & Guan, X. (2009). Research note: Two measures of conflict orientation. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 26(3), 365-379.
Breunlin, D. C., Cimmarusti, R. A., Bryant-Edwards, T. L., & Hetherington, J. S. (2002). Conflict resolution training as an alternative to suspension for violent behavior.Journal of Educational Research, 95(6), 349.
Bush, R. A. &Folger, J. P. (1994).The promise of mediation: Responding to conflict through empowerment and recognition. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Callanan, G. A., Benzing, C. D., &Perri, D. F. (2006). Choice of Conflict-Handling Strategy: A Matter of Context.Journal Of Psychology, 140(3), 269-288.
Callanan, G. A., &Perri, D. F. (2006). Teaching Conflict Management Using a Scenario-Based Approach. Journal of Education For Business, 81(3), 131-139.
Canary, D., Cupach, W., &Messman, S. (1995). Relationship conflict. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sege Publications
Canary, D. J., Cunningham, F. M., & Cody, M. J. (1988). Goal types, gender, and locus of control in managing interpersonal conflict. Communication Research, 15, 426-446.
Corcoran, K. O. C., & Mallinckrodt, B. (2000). Adult attachment, self-efficacy, perspective talking, and conflict resolution. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 58, 644- 663.
Curall, S. C., Friedman, R. A., Tidd. S. T., & Tsai, J. C. (2000). What goes around comes around: The impact of personal conflict style on work and stress. The International Journal of Conflict Management, 11(1), 32-55.
Deen, M. Y. (2000). Difference in the solution-oriented conflict style of selected groups of 4-H youth development volunteer leaders. Journal of Extension, 38(1), 2000.
Dumlao, R., &Botta, R. A. (2000). Family communications patterns and the conflict styles young adults use with their fathers. Communication Quarterly, 48(2), 174-189.
Dincyurek, S., &Civelek, A. H. (2008). The determination of the conflict resolution strategies of university students that they use when they have conflicts with people. Behavior Analyst Today, 9(3/4), 215-233.Influence of conflict resolution, Page 14 Research in Higher Education Journal Volume 28 – May, 2015
Drew, N. (1987).Learning the skills of peacemaking. Rolling Hills Estates, CA: Jalmar Press. Eron, L. D,.Gentry, J. H., & Schlegel, P. (1994).Reason to hope: A psychological perspective on violence and youth. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Farrell, A. D., Meyer, A. L, , E Kung. M., & Sullivan, T. N. (2001). Development and evaluation of school-bases violence prevention programs.Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30(2), 207- 221.
Fetherston, A. B. (1994). Towards a theory of United Nations peacekeeping. New York: St. Martin's Press.
Friedman, R. A., Tidd, S. T., Currall, S. C., & Tsai, J. C. (2000). What around comes around: The impact of personal conflict styles on work conflict and job stress. International Journal of Conflict management, 11, 32-55.
Gardner, P. D., & Lambert, S. (1992). It’s a hard, hard world! East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Collegiate Employment Research Institute.
Greasey, G. (2002). Psychological distress in college-aged women: Links with unresolved preoccupied attachment status and mediating role of negative mood regulation expectancies. Attachment and Human development, 4, 261-277.
Greasey, G. &Ladd, A. (2004). Negative mood regulation expectancies and conflict behavior in late adolescent college student romantic relationships: The moderating role of generalized
attachment representations. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 14(2), 236-256.
Hecht, M. L., Jackson, R. L., &Ribeau, S. A. (2003). African American Communication: Exploring Identity and Culture. Mahwah, N.J: Erlbaum.
Holt, J. L. &DeVore, C. J. (2005). Culture, gender, organizational role, and style of conflict resolution: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 165- 196.
Janeja, D. K. (2011).The impact of family communication pattern on young adults conflict styles with their parents. ProQuest Dissertation
Jehn, K. A. (1997). A qualitative analysis of conflict types an dimensions in organizational groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42, 530-557.
Johnson, P. (1994). Conflict management: A review of the literature for school leaders. Journal of School Leadership, 4, 709-725.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. (1996). Conflict resolution and peer mediation programs in elementary and secondary schools: A review of the research. Review of Educational Research, 66, 459–506.
Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R., Dudley, B., Mitchell, J., & Fredrickson, J. (1997). The impact of conflict resolution training on middle school students.Journal of Social Psychology, 137(1), 11- 21.
Kriesberg, L. (1997). Preventing and resolving destructive communal conflict. In the international politics of ethnic conflict: Theory and Evidence. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
Mattingly, B. (2009).Help increase the peace program. Baltimore, MD: Middle Atlantic Region, American Friends Service Committee.
Moberg, P. J. (2001). Linking conflict strategy to the five factor model. Theoretical and empirical foundations. International journal of Conflict Management, 12(1), 47-68.
Goldsworthy, R., Schwartz, N., Barab, S., &Landa, A. (2007). Evaluation of a collaborative multimedia conflict resolution curriculum.. Educational Technology, Research and Development, 55,5, 597-625. Influence of conflict resolution, Page 15 Research in Higher Education Journal Volume 28 – May, 2015
Moberg, P. J. (1998). Predicting conflict strategies with personality trait: Incremental validity and the five factor model. International Journal of conflict management, 9(3), 258-285.
Morrison, M., Shaw Austad, C., &Cota, K. (2011). Help increase the peace, a youth-focused program in peace education. Journal of Peace Education, 8(2), 177-191.
Mukhtar, S. &Habib, M. N. (2010). Private Sector managers approach to conflict management: A study of relationships between conflict management styles and personality type. Interdisciplinary. Journal of Contemporary Research Business, 2,1, 304-312.
Noore, N. M. (2006). Locus of control, supportive workplace policies and work family conflict.Psychologia, 49, 48-60.
Palmer, C., &Roessler, R. T. (2000). Requesting classroom accommodations: Self-advocacy and conflict Resolution training for college students with disabilities. Journal of Rehabilitation, 66(3), 38-43.
Pistole, M. C., &Arricale, F. (2003). Understanding attachment: Beliefs about conflict. Journal of Counseling and Development, 81, 318-328.
Pondy, L. R. (1992). Reflections on organizational conflict.Journal of Organisational Behaviour 13(2), 257-61.
Putnam, L. L. & Wilson, C. (1982).Communicative strategies in organizational conflict.Reliability and validity of a measurement scale. Communication Yearbook. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Rahim, M. A. (2000).Empirical studies on handling conflict.International Journal of conflict Management, 11, 5-8.
Rahim, M. A. (1992).Managing conflict on organizations. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. Rahim, M. A., &Bonoma, T. V. (1979). Managing organizational conflict: A model for diagnosis and intervention. Psychology Reports, 44, 1323-1344.
Rahim, M. A., &Buntzman, G. F. (1989). Supervisory power bases, styles of handling conflict with subordinates, and subordinate compliance and satisfaction.The Journal of Psychology, 123(2), 195-210.
Robbins, S. P. (1988).Essential of organizational behaviors.Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- hall.
Sierau, S., & Herzberg, P. Y. (2012). Conflict resolution as a Dyadic mediator: Considering the
partner perspective on conflict resolution. European Journal of Personality, 26, 221- 232.Simerly, R. G. (1998). Managing conflict for productive results: A critical leadership skill. The Journal of Continuing Higher Education, 46, 2-11.
Shockley-Zalabak, P. (1981). The effects of sex difference on the preference for utilization of conflict styles of managers in a work setting: An exploratory study. Public Personal Management Journal, 10, 289-295.
Stevahn, L. (2004). Integrating conflict resolution training into the curriculum. Theory Into Practice, 43(1), 50-58.
Stevahn, L., Johnson, D. W., Johnson, R. T., & Schultz, R. (2002). Effects of conflict resolution training integrated into a high school social studies curriculum. Journal of Social Psychology, 142(3), 305-331.
Sweeney, B., &Carruthers, W. L. (1996). Conflict resolution: History, philosophy, theory, and educational applications. The School Counselor, 43(5), 326-344.
Taylor, M. (2010). Does locus of conflict predict young adults conflict strategies wit superiors? An examination of control orientation and the organization communication conflict instrument.North American Journal of Psychology, 12(3), 445-458.
Thomas, K. W. (1976). Toward multi-dimensional values in teaching: The example of conflict behaviors. Academy of Management Review, 2, 484-490.
Ting-Toomey, S., & Chung, L. C. (2005).Understanding Intercultural Communication. Los Angeles, CA: Roxbury.
Warters, W. C (1999).Mediation in the campus community: Designing and maintaining effective programs. San Francisco: CA. Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Wall, J., &Druckman, D. (2002, June).Mediation in peacekeeping missions.Paper presented at the International Association for Conflict Management conference, Park City, UT.
Weitzman, P. F. & Weitzman, E. A. (2006). Brief report: Promoting post formal thinking on the job: A protocol for interpersonal conflict resolution training. Journal of Adult Development, 13, 45- 51.
Wilson, S. R., &Waltman, M. S. (1988). Assessing the Putnam-Wilson organization communication conflict instrument. Management Communication Quarterly, 1, 367-388.Womack, D. F (1988). Assessing the Thomas-Kilmann conflict mode survey: Conceptualization. Management Communication Quarterly,(1) 3, 321-362.
Zimmer-Gembeck, M. (2002). The development of romantic relationships and adaptations in the system of peer relationships. Journal of Adolescent Health, 31, 216-225.
Published
2020-06-01
How to Cite
Bilbar Jr., G. (2020). Conflicts Strategies Involving the Pupils, Parents, and Teachers. IJRDO- Journal of Educational Research, 5(5), 125-141. https://doi.org/10.53555/er.v5i5.3706
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Articles
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