Effect of P fertilizers use on rice (Oryza sativa) productivity in Southern Province of Rwanda, Rwasave marshland.
Keywords:
Rwasave marshland, Phosphorus (P), fertilizer, Oryza sativa, yields
Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of P fertilizers on rice productivity in Rwandan marshlands. It was conducted in Rwasave marshland. A Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment comprised four P treatments [T1 as 0 kg (control), T2: 30kg, T3: 60kg, T4: 90kg of P2O5] replicated four times and Yunkeng was the test rice variety. The soil samples were randomly collected at 0-30cm depth and various chemical and physical analyses conducted. The results revealed the significant difference (p<0.05) among treatments for available P. The laboratory results were pHH2O of 5.37, pHKCl of 4.13 and available P (Bray I) of 4.03ppm. The P2O5 had significant (p<0.05) effect on grain yield and yield components and increased the plant height (109.0 cm), tillering, 241 filled grains/panicle, empty grains/panicle, 1000grains weight (50.6gm), and panicle numbers. Tillering activity was the growth parameter that affected most significantly the grain yield. P rich fertilizer (P2O5) applied at 90kg P ha-1 produced the highest grain yield (7.69t/ha) against the lowest grain yield (3.31t/ha) of control. This study revealed that the supply of P fertilizers for some farmers did not meet the rice requirements. The response of rice to P application depends on available soil P levels. It is necessary to apply P fertilizers with adequate doses and at the right time in order to maintain the stability of available P in the soil.
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References
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Shah F., J. Huang, K. Cu I, L. Nie, T. Shah, C. Chen AND K. Wang, 2011. Impact of high-temperature stress on rice plant and its traits related to tolerance. Journal of Agricultural Science (2011), 149, 545–556. Cambridge University Press 2011. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859611000360
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Hakizimana J., 2007. Estimation du niveau de suffisante du phoshore pour la production du riz dans le marais de Migina.
Hazelton, P. A., and Murphy, B. 2007. Interpretation Soil tests results: What Do All the Number Means? Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au
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MINAGRI. 2009. Strategic Plan for the Transformation of Agriculture in Rwanda–Phase II (PSTA II). Final report. Kigali, Rwanda.
Moeyersons, J., 1991. Ravine formation on steep slopes: forward versus regressive erosion. Some case studies from Rwanda, Catena volume 18, page 309 – 324.
Moeyersons, J., 2003. The topographic thresholds of hillslope incisions in southwestern Rwanda. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.
Morgan, R.P.C., Quinton, J.N. and Rickson, R.J. 1994. Modelling Methodology for Soil-Erosion Assessment and Soil Conservation Design- the EUROSEM approach. Outlook on Agriculture 3: pp. 5-9.
MSU, 2010. Soils: Phosphorus Fertility. Coordinated access to the research and extension system. Mississipi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Mississipi State University Extension Services. Updated on October 14, 2010.Available on http://msucares.com/crops/soils/phosphorus.html [Accessed: 11 January 2017].
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Mutwewingabo, B. and Rutunga, V., 1987. Etudes des sols des stations d’ essaie du project d’intensification de l’ agriculture de Gikongoro. 9 (PIA) 11.
Nahayo, D., Wali, U. G. and Anyemedu, F. O. K., 2010. Irrigation practices and water conservation opportunities in Migina marshlands. International Journal of Ecology& Development, 16: 100-112.
NISR, 2015. Statistical YearBook 2015. Statistical Report. Kigali-Republic of Rwanda. Available [Online]:http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/statistical-yearbook-2015. [Accessed: 22/01/2017].
Oteng, J.W. 1997. Rice production and development in Ghana. IRC Newsl. 46: 38-42.
Pierre W.H. and Norman, A. G. 1953. Soil Fertilizer Phosphorus. New York, Academic Press 153-188. (Agronomy, 14).
Pietriwicz P., 1985. Les sols de la region d’ action du project agro pastoral de Nyabisindu, Rwanda.
Rwanda Agricultural Development Authority (RADA), 2007. Increase rice productivity through integrated input management progress report. MINAGRI, Kigali, Rwanda. 1- 20p.
S.H.E.R., 2003. Report provisoire phase 2. Etudes de faisabilité, Marais de la Migina”, Ministère de l’agriculture, de l’elevage et des forêts. Pp.56-70.
Sanchez, P.A., Shepherd, K.D., Soule, M.J., Place, F.M., Buresh, P.J., Izac, A-M.N., Mokwunye, A.U., Kwesiga, F.R., Nderitu, C.G. and Woomer, P.L. 1997. Soil fertility replenishment in Africa: an investment in natural resource capital. In: Buresh, R.J., Sanchez, P.A. and Calhoun, F. (Eds). Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication No. 51. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 1-46.
Smack, N.E. 1985. Phosphorus dynamics in soils and landscapes. Geoderma.
Snyder, C.S. 2002. Effect of soil Flooding and drying on phosphorus reactions. News&views. Potash, Phosphate Institute (PPI).4
Uwanyirigira J., 2013. Nitrogen and Phosphorus sufficiency levels assessment for irrigated lowland rice growth and yield in Cyunuzi, Eastern-Rwanda. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Science in Sustainable Soil Resources Management. Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi.
Vahed Shokri H., Shahinrokhsar P. and Heydarnezhad F., 2012. Performance of phosphate solubilising bacteria for improving growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the presence of phosphorus fertilizer. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS). ISSN 2227-670X 2012. Available on: http://ijagcs.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/1228-1232.pdf . [Retrieved: 11/4/2017].
Yosef Tabar S., 2013. Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on spikelet Structure and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS). Iran Islamic Azad University. ISSN 2227-670X. Available online at www.ijagcs.com . [Retrieved: 11/4/2017]
Alam MM, Ali MH, Ruhul Amin AKM, Hassanuzzaman M. 2009. Yield attributes, yield and harvest index of three irrigated rice varieties under different levels of Phosphorus. Advance in Biological Research.3 (3-4)132-139.
Ahmad S., Hussain A., Ali H. and A. Ahmad, 2015. Grain Yield of Transplanted Rice (Oryza sativa L.) as Influenced by Plant Density and Nitrogen Fertilization. Journal of Agriculture & Social Sciences. Available at: http://www.ijabjass.org. [Accessed: 22/1/2017].
Awan, T. H., Ali, R. I., Manzoor, Z., Ahmad, M., and Akhtar, M. 2011. Effect of different Nitrogen levels and row spacing on the performance of newly evolved medium grain rice variety, ksk-133. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 21(2): 2011, Page: 231-234.
Boyer J. S. 1982. Plant Productivity and Environment. Science 29 Oct 1982. Vol. 218, Issue 4571, pp. 443-448. DOI: 10.1126/science.218.4571.443.
Brady N.C. and Weil R.R., (2002). The nature and properties of soils. 13th ed. Prentice Hall. New Jersey USA.
Shah F., J. Huang, K. Cu I, L. Nie, T. Shah, C. Chen AND K. Wang, 2011. Impact of high-temperature stress on rice plant and its traits related to tolerance. Journal of Agricultural Science (2011), 149, 545–556. Cambridge University Press 2011. DOI: 10.1017/S0021859611000360
FAO 2007. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations (online). Available at: http://faostat.fao.org. [Retrieved: 11/4/2017].
FAO, 2010. Soil Classification (Ferralsols). www.fao.org . Retrieved on 21/12/2016.
Frageria, N. K. M. P. Barabosa, 1982. Screening rice cultivars for torelance to low levels of available soil phosphorus. Ravista- Brasiliera de Ciencia do solo, 6(2): 146-151.
Gebrekidan H. and M. Seyoum. 2006. Effects of Mineral N and P Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Flooded Lowland Rice on Vertisols of Fogera Plain, Ethiopia. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics. Volume 107, No. 2, 2006, pages 161–176.
Haifa, 2014. Nutritional recommendation for rice. Pionneering the future. Available on http://www.haifa-group.com/. Accessed on 10/05/2014.
Hakizimana J., 2007. Estimation du niveau de suffisante du phoshore pour la production du riz dans le marais de Migina.
Hazelton, P. A., and Murphy, B. 2007. Interpretation Soil tests results: What Do All the Number Means? Available at http://www.publish.csiro.au
IRRI, 1996. IRRI toward 2020. Manila1099, Philippines.
Kumar P. M., 2016. Soil Fertility and Nutrient Management. Experiental Learning. NRM Module 1. Online data. Website: http://www.slideshare.net/PabitraMani1/ph-and-soil-ph. [Accessed: 22/01/2017].
Kumar, K. and Rao, K. V. P.; 1992. Nitrogen and phosphorus requirement of upland rice in Manipur; Oryza; 29:306–309.
Landon, J.R. (Ed.), 1991. Booker tropical soil manual: A Handbook for Soil Survey and Agricultural Land Evaluation in the Tropics and Subtropics. Longman Scientific and Technical, Essex, New York. 474p.
Malabuyoc, J.A., J.G. Real, and S.K. De Datta, 1993. Grain yield as a function of rainfall, soil moisture and solar radiation in rice (Oryza sativa). Field crops research 34:37-75.
Mambani, B. P., 2004. Chimie du sol. Cours universitaire. Institut facultaire des sciences Agronomiques de Yangambi (inedit)
Marx E.S., Hart J., Stevens R.G., 1999. Soil test interpretation guide, Oregon State University.
Mbonigaba, J.J., 2002. Essai de compostage des déchets verts et evaluation des effects de compost obtenus sur des sols acides au Rwanda. These de maitrise, FUSAGX Gembloux.
McCauley A., and Jacobsen J., 2009. Soil pH and Organic Matter. State University of Montana. Nutrient Management Module No. 8. Online data. Available on: http://landresources.montana.edu/nm/documents/NM8.pdf. [Accessed: 22/1/2017].
MINAGRI, 2007. Land use and agriculture in Rwanda. Distribution of land size per household by province 2006. www.minagri.gov.rw. Retrieved on 21/12/2013.
MINAGRI, 2009. Rapport Annuel. Available on www.minagri.gov.rw. [Retrieved: 11/4/2017]
MINAGRI, 2011. Weekly Flashy News. Published by CICA on 07th September 2012. Available on http://www.minagri.gov.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/FlashNews/Fn%2007%20September%202012.pdf. [Accessed: 22/01/2017].
MINAGRI. 2009. Strategic Plan for the Transformation of Agriculture in Rwanda–Phase II (PSTA II). Final report. Kigali, Rwanda.
Moeyersons, J., 1991. Ravine formation on steep slopes: forward versus regressive erosion. Some case studies from Rwanda, Catena volume 18, page 309 – 324.
Moeyersons, J., 2003. The topographic thresholds of hillslope incisions in southwestern Rwanda. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium.
Morgan, R.P.C., Quinton, J.N. and Rickson, R.J. 1994. Modelling Methodology for Soil-Erosion Assessment and Soil Conservation Design- the EUROSEM approach. Outlook on Agriculture 3: pp. 5-9.
MSU, 2010. Soils: Phosphorus Fertility. Coordinated access to the research and extension system. Mississipi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station. Mississipi State University Extension Services. Updated on October 14, 2010.Available on http://msucares.com/crops/soils/phosphorus.html [Accessed: 11 January 2017].
Muhawenimana, A., 1987. Caractérisation physico-chimique et minéralogique de quatre profiles andosoliques du Nord-Ouest du Rwanda. Propriètes d’ absorption du phosphore et du fluor, Thèse de Doctorat, Université Local de Canada, pg. 170.
Munyaneza O., Mukubwa A., Maskey S., Uhlenbrook S., and Wenninger J., 2014. Assessment of surface water resources availability using catchment modelling and the results of tracer studies in the mesoscale Migina Catchment, Rwanda. Published in Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. University of Rwanda. Available on http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/18/5289/2014/hess-18-5289-2014.pdf . [Retrieved: 11/4/2017]
Mutwewingabo, B. and Rutunga, V., 1987. Etudes des sols des stations d’ essaie du project d’intensification de l’ agriculture de Gikongoro. 9 (PIA) 11.
Nahayo, D., Wali, U. G. and Anyemedu, F. O. K., 2010. Irrigation practices and water conservation opportunities in Migina marshlands. International Journal of Ecology& Development, 16: 100-112.
NISR, 2015. Statistical YearBook 2015. Statistical Report. Kigali-Republic of Rwanda. Available [Online]:http://www.statistics.gov.rw/publication/statistical-yearbook-2015. [Accessed: 22/01/2017].
Oteng, J.W. 1997. Rice production and development in Ghana. IRC Newsl. 46: 38-42.
Pierre W.H. and Norman, A. G. 1953. Soil Fertilizer Phosphorus. New York, Academic Press 153-188. (Agronomy, 14).
Pietriwicz P., 1985. Les sols de la region d’ action du project agro pastoral de Nyabisindu, Rwanda.
Rwanda Agricultural Development Authority (RADA), 2007. Increase rice productivity through integrated input management progress report. MINAGRI, Kigali, Rwanda. 1- 20p.
S.H.E.R., 2003. Report provisoire phase 2. Etudes de faisabilité, Marais de la Migina”, Ministère de l’agriculture, de l’elevage et des forêts. Pp.56-70.
Sanchez, P.A., Shepherd, K.D., Soule, M.J., Place, F.M., Buresh, P.J., Izac, A-M.N., Mokwunye, A.U., Kwesiga, F.R., Nderitu, C.G. and Woomer, P.L. 1997. Soil fertility replenishment in Africa: an investment in natural resource capital. In: Buresh, R.J., Sanchez, P.A. and Calhoun, F. (Eds). Replenishing Soil Fertility in Africa. Soil Science Society of America Special Publication No. 51. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 1-46.
Smack, N.E. 1985. Phosphorus dynamics in soils and landscapes. Geoderma.
Snyder, C.S. 2002. Effect of soil Flooding and drying on phosphorus reactions. News&views. Potash, Phosphate Institute (PPI).4
Uwanyirigira J., 2013. Nitrogen and Phosphorus sufficiency levels assessment for irrigated lowland rice growth and yield in Cyunuzi, Eastern-Rwanda. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Masters of Science in Sustainable Soil Resources Management. Department of Land Resource Management and Agricultural Technology University of Nairobi.
Vahed Shokri H., Shahinrokhsar P. and Heydarnezhad F., 2012. Performance of phosphate solubilising bacteria for improving growth and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the presence of phosphorus fertilizer. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS). ISSN 2227-670X 2012. Available on: http://ijagcs.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/1228-1232.pdf . [Retrieved: 11/4/2017].
Yosef Tabar S., 2013. Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizer on spikelet Structure and yield in rice (Oryza sativa L). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Sciences (IJACS). Iran Islamic Azad University. ISSN 2227-670X. Available online at www.ijagcs.com . [Retrieved: 11/4/2017]
Published
2018-09-30
How to Cite
HIRWA, H. (2018). Effect of P fertilizers use on rice (Oryza sativa) productivity in Southern Province of Rwanda, Rwasave marshland. IJRDO-Journal of Agriculture and Research (ISSN: 2455-7668), 4(9), 23-35. https://doi.org/10.53555/ar.v4i9.1991
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